Panzanella

Panzanella is an Italian bread salad originating in the centenary traditions of central Italy, especially in the Umbria, Tuscany, Lazio, and Marche regions.

The flavor and texture of Panzanella salad are impressed in my memory like a Proustian madeleine, as this has always been my favorite summer salad growing up, and it's still associated with a feeling of freedom, safety, and happiness.

Crusty or stale bread soaked in water and vinegar absorbs the tomato and onion juices and flavors like a sponge becoming incredibly tasty.

This tasty bread, combined with crisp cucumber, meaty tomatoes, tangy red onion, and fruity extra virgin olive oil, creates an irresistible palette of textures and flavors. And all that with very basic, fresh, everyday ingredients.

There are many versions of Panzanella; some people add carrots and celery, and others add lettuce and vegetables. Take this recipe as a guideline, and add the summer veggies you have available where you live.

Here I will show you my grandma's recipe, which I ate growing up in Todi, Umbria, and the one you'll find in most local trattorias in central Italy.

Panzanella was and still is a simple and humble salad, created from the need of rural farmers to use what was available at home without spending a penny.

It's a naturally vegan, zero-waste recipe and an excellent way to use stale bread.

Bread

One to two days old stale bread is best to make Panzanella. Ideally, use crusty bread with a compact crumb to absorb the liquid without falling apart.

Sourdough bread, rustic bread loaves, ciabatta bread, and most artisanal loaves of bread are great options.

Avoid baguettes and packaged bread such as sandwich bread, rolls, and buns. They'll fall apart as you soak them and will get mushy.

Tomatoes

Panzanella is essentially a tomato salad. As the main ingredient, try to use good quality tomatoes, like those in a farmer's market.

The tomatoes should be ripe but firm to the touch. They should also be consumed at room temperature to appreciate their taste fully.

You can mix more tomato varieties, and locals in Italy use what they have at hand without being too fussy.

Our favorites are San Marzano tomatoes, Heirloom tomatoes, cherry tomatoes, and Roma tomatoes, but most tasty ripe tomatoes will do.

Cucumber

You can use garden cucumber, English cucumber, or Persian cucumber. You can keep the peel on or peel it off if you prefer.

Red onion

Red onion adds a sharp flavor that fits perfectly with the Panzanella salad. Slice it as thinly as possible, and if the onion is too strong for you, you can soak it in cold water for ten minutes before adding it to the rest of the ingredients.

Basil

Fresh basil adds a mellow, sweet, and round aroma. I have never replaced basil with any other fresh herb in Panzanella.

However, if you'd like to, you could substitute other fresh herbs such as parsley, oregano, thyme, and dill for basil.

Lettuce

Lettuce is optional. Some Italian Panzanella salad recipes include lettuce; others don't. We made one with lettuce to show you how it looks, and we loved it.

We recommend Romaine lettuce.

Olive Oil

Use extra virgin olive oil if possible. It adds a richer, fruitier flavor than regular olive oil.

Vinegar

There's no hard rule about vinegar, and you can use white wine vinegar, red wine vinegar, apple cider vinegar, and balsamic vinegar.

However, if you use balsamic, the bread will look darker. So we use white wine vinegar.

Salt and Pepper

Season Panzanella with a good pinch of sea salt (or kosher salt) and a few twists of freshly ground black pepper.

Ingredients that are not in Panzanella but you can add if you like

Authentic Panzanella salad contains no garlic, homemade croutons, dijon mustard, capers, fresh mozzarella, parmesan, or any other type of cheese, red or yellow bell pepper, chicken, or shrimp.

Break the stale bread into big chunks and add them to a bowl. Cover them with water and two tablespoons of vinegar.

Soak until the bread becomes soft. It can take 5 to 30 minutes for the bread to soften up, depending on how dry it is and the type of bread.

Tip: If you don't have stale bread, you can dry fresh bread in the oven. Bake it on a baking sheet for 15 to 30 minutes at a low temperature (210˚F or 100˚C).

With your hands, squeeze the water out of the soaked bread, then coarsely crumble it into a large bowl. There's no need to have neat bread cubes.

Tip: Don't let the bread soak too long, or it'll get mushy. Some of the bread pieces should be harder than others. The crust especially can retain some bite to it.

Cut the cucumber half lengthwise, then cut each half into thin slices.

Next, cut the red onion in half, peel it, then cut it into thin slices.

Finally, dice the tomatoes into bite-size pieces. Don't discard the tomato juice.

Add tomatoes (with their juice), cucumber, red onion, soaked and squeezed bread, salt, pepper, extra virgin olive oil, the remaining vinegar, and fresh basil leaves to a large mixing bowl.

Tip: there's no need to whisk the condiments into a vinaigrette. That's not customary in a classic Panzanella salad.

Toss well and set aside 10 to 30 minutes before serving.

Serve Panzanella in small portions or on a platter as an appetizer. It goes well with:

• Bruschetta (bread, garlic, tomatoes, balsamic vinegar, olive oil, fresh basil, etc.)
• 10-minute crostini (bread, olive oil, garlic, salt, pepper)
• Olive tapenade (olives, olive oil, capers, garlic, parsley, lemon juice, etc.)
• Homemade hummus (chickpeas, tahini, lemon, garlic, cumin, parsley, etc.)
• Caramelized onion (onion, sugar, vinegar, olive oil, salt, etc.)
• Basil pesto (dairy-free: basil, pine nuts, walnuts, nutritional yeast, olive oil, etc.)

For lunch

Serve a larger portion and make it a main meal for a quick, easy, and healthy lunch by adding olives, chickpeas, and beans. You can even add some crumbled feta cheese.

Panzanella is excellent for a vegetarian lunch because it feels light, but it's fulfilling at the same time.

As a side dish

Try Panzanella next to:

• Aglio e Olio with white beans (spaghetti, parsley, garlic, red pepper flakes, olive oil, etc.)
• Eggplant Parmigiana (roasted eggplant, canned tomatoes, garlic, basil, parmesan, or dairy-free cheese, etc.)
• Tomato risotto (tomato passata, arborio rice, vegetable broth, butter, basil, etc.)
• Chickpea soup (celery, onion, carrot, chickpeas, rosemary, vegetable broth, etc.)
• Tuscan bean soup (leafy greens, white beans, tomato puree, cabbage, garlic, etc.)

Panzanella with lettuce

This Panzanella salad recipe is popular in the most central Italian region, Umbria. We love this version, which we usually make in our home.

Pick some fresh and crunchy Romaine lettuce, chop it up, and add it to the bowl with the remaining ingredients.

Panzanella Romana

In some areas in central Italy near Rome, you'll see a version of Panzanella that looks more like Bruschetta with tomatoes. Wet slices of stale bread with water and top with chopped tomatoes, basil, vinegar, and olive oil.

Panzanella Toscana

Choose unsalted artisanal white bread, just like Tuscan bread. Don't add the lettuce. Sometimes in Tuscany, you'll see the vegetables in the Panzanella cut into long thin slices. In some areas, they add celery.

Panzanella Pugliese

In Puglia, they often use Friselle instead of bread. Friselle are large, round pieces of dry, baked durum wheat flour, often with a hole in the center.

Winter Panzanella

We make this variation during the colder months. Use cherry tomatoes instead of vine tomatoes; add 1 cup (200 grams) of white cannellini beans instead of the cucumber.

Chickpea Panzanella

This is another of our favorite variations, as the chickpeas make this salad an excellent main dish with plenty of protein. We also add a sliced stalk of celery, a handful of arugula, and two grated carrots.

Let the flavors meld

If you have the time for it, let the Panzanella rest in the vegetable zone of your refrigerator for about 45 minutes to let the flavors meld together, then take it out of the fridge and keep it at room temperature for another 30 minutes before serving it.

Please don't leave it in the fridge too long; your tomatoes will lose texture and flavor.

Questions

Storage

Make ahead: for best results, Panzanella should be made 1.5 hours before serving time, then stored in the fridge in the vegetable zone for about 45 minutes to let the flavors come together, and then let out at room temperature for another 30 to 45 minutes before serving.

Refrigerator: we recommend storing Panzanella for up to 12 hours in the refrigerator. Once out of the fridge, leave it at room temperature for at least 30 minutes.

Freeze: this recipe is not suitable for freezing.

Get inspiration for your next salad from these wholesome dishes:

• Chickpea salad (chickpea, olives, tomatoes, corn, cucumber, shallot, lemon, olive oil, etc.)
• Rice salad (bell pepper, cucumber, pickled cucumber, olives, whole grain rice, tomatoes, etc.)
• Avocado salad (cherry tomatoes, avocado, lemon, red onion, basil, parsley, olive oil, etc.)
• Pesto pasta salad (basil pesto, arugula, cherry tomatoes, bow tie pasta, etc.)
• Fattoush (pita bread, radishes, tomato, romaine lettuce, cucumber, etc.)

If you like Italian cooking and Mediterranean flavors, get some dinner inspiration from these Italian classics:

• Aglio e Olio pasta (parsley, olive oil, spaghetti, garlic, red pepper flakes, etc.)
• Piadina (flour, water, sugar, etc.)
• No-knead focaccia (instant dry yeast, flour, olive oil, sugar, salt, rosemary, etc.)
• Pasta alla Norma (eggplant, basil, canned tomatoes, rigatoni pasta, olive oil, etc.)

For many more side dishes ideas, check out our sides category page.

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