- Sweet Potato → Microwaved fresh sweet potato, canned sweet potato purée, or pumpkin purée
- Egg → 1 tbsp chia seeds + 3 tbsp water (chia egg)
- Greek Yogurt → Low-fat Greek yogurt, Skyr, or thick dairy-free yogurt
- Milk → Any dairy or non-dairy milk
- Maple Syrup → Honey, agave syrup, or regular sugar (½ cup for mild sweetness; up to 1 cup for dessert-level)
- Vanilla Extract → Almond extract
- Rolled Oats → Quick oats or gluten-free oats
- Flour → All-purpose, white whole wheat flour, or 1:1 gluten-free blend
- Baking Powder + Baking Soda → No substitution
- Cinnamon → Chai spice or apple pie spice





